Kisah Para Rasul 9:13

9:13 But Ananias replied, ¹  “Lord, I have heard from many people ²  about this man, how much harm he has done to your saints in Jerusalem,

Kisah Para Rasul 13:7-8

13:7 who was with the proconsul ³  Sergius Paulus, an intelligent man. The proconsul ⁴  summoned ⁵  Barnabas and Saul and wanted to hear ⁶  the word of God. 13:8 But the magician Elymas ⁷  (for that is the way his name is translated) ⁸  opposed them, trying to turn the proconsul ⁹  away from the faith.

Kisah Para Rasul 13:12

13:12 Then when the proconsul ¹⁰  saw what had happened, he believed, ¹¹  because he was greatly astounded ¹²  at the teaching about ¹³  the Lord.

Kisah Para Rasul 18:12

Paul Before the Proconsul Gallio

18:12 Now while Gallio ¹⁴  was proconsul ¹⁵  of Achaia, ¹⁶  the Jews attacked Paul together ¹⁷  and brought him before the judgment seat, ¹⁸ 

Kisah Para Rasul 19:35

19:35 After the city secretary ¹⁹  quieted the crowd, he said, “Men of Ephesus, what person ²⁰  is there who does not know that the city of the Ephesians is the keeper ²¹  of the temple of the great Artemis ²²  and of her image that fell from heaven? ²³ 

Kisah Para Rasul 19:38

19:38 If then Demetrius and the craftsmen who are with him have a complaint ²⁴  against someone, the courts are open ²⁵  and there are proconsuls; let them bring charges against one another there. ²⁶ 

Kisah Para Rasul 23:24

23:24 and provide mounts for Paul to ride ²⁷  so that he may be brought safely to Felix ²⁸  the governor.” ²⁹ 

Kisah Para Rasul 23:26

23:26 Claudius Lysias to His Excellency Governor ³⁰  Felix, ³¹  greetings.

Kisah Para Rasul 23:33--24:1

23:33 When the horsemen ³²  came to Caesarea ³³  and delivered the letter to the governor, they also presented ³⁴  Paul to him. 23:34 When the governor ³⁵  had read ³⁶  the letter, ³⁷  he asked ³⁸  what province he was from. ³⁹  When he learned ⁴⁰  that he was from Cilicia, ⁴¹  23:35 he said, “I will give you a hearing ⁴²  when your accusers arrive too.” Then ⁴³  he ordered that Paul ⁴⁴  be kept under guard in Herod’s palace. ⁴⁵ 

The Accusations Against Paul

24:1 After five days the high priest Ananias ⁴⁶  came down with some elders and an attorney ⁴⁷  named ⁴⁸  Tertullus, and they ⁴⁹  brought formal charges ⁵⁰  against Paul to the governor.

Kisah Para Rasul 24:10

Paul’s Defense Before Felix

24:10 When the governor gestured for him to speak, Paul replied, “Because I know ⁵¹  that you have been a judge over this nation for many years, I confidently make my defense. ⁵² 

Kisah Para Rasul 24:23

24:23 He ordered the centurion ⁵³  to guard Paul, ⁵⁴  but to let him have some freedom, ⁵⁵  and not to prevent any of his friends ⁵⁶  from meeting his needs. ⁵⁷ 

Kisah Para Rasul 25:3

25:3 Requesting him to do them a favor against Paul, ⁵⁸  they urged Festus ⁵⁹  to summon him to Jerusalem, planning an ambush ⁶⁰  to kill him along the way.

Kisah Para Rasul 25:12

25:12 Then, after conferring with his council, ⁶¹  Festus ⁶²  replied, “You have appealed to Caesar; ⁶³  to Caesar ⁶⁴  you will go!” ⁶⁵ 

Kisah Para Rasul 26:30

26:30 So the king got up, and with him the governor and Bernice and those sitting with them,

[9:13]  ¹ sn Ananias replied. Past events might have suggested to Ananias that this was not good counsel, but like Peter in Acts 10, Ananias’ intuitions were wrong.

[9:13]  ² tn The word “people” is not in the Greek text, but is implied.

[13:7]  ³ sn The proconsul was the Roman official who ruled over a province traditionally under the control of the Roman senate.

[13:7]  ⁴ tn Grk “This one”; the referent (the proconsul) is specified in the translation for clarity.

[13:7]  ⁵ tn Grk “summoning Barnabas and Saul, wanted to hear.” The participle προσκαλεσάμενος (proskalesameno") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[13:7]  ⁶ sn The proconsul…wanted to hear the word of God. This description of Sergius Paulus portrays him as a sensitive, secular Gentile leader.

[13:8]  ⁷ tn On the debate over what the name “Elymas” means, see BDAG 320 s.v. ᾿Ελύμας. The magician’s behavior is more directly opposed to the faith than Simon Magus’ was.

[13:8]  ⁸ sn A parenthetical note by the author.

[13:8]  ⁹ sn The proconsul was the Roman official who ruled over a province traditionally under the control of the Roman senate.

[13:12]  ¹⁰ sn See the note on proconsul in v. 8.

[13:12]  ¹¹ sn He believed. The faith of the proconsul in the face of Jewish opposition is a theme of the rest of Acts. Paul has indeed become “a light to the Gentiles” (Acts 13:47).

[13:12]  ¹² tn The translation “greatly astounded” for ἐκπλησσόμενος (ekplhssomeno") is given by L&N 25.219.

[13:12]  ¹³ tn Grk “of,” but this could give the impression the Lord himself had done the teaching (a subjective genitive) when actually the Lord was the object of the teaching (an objective genitive).

[18:12]  ¹⁴ sn Gallio was proconsul of Achaia from a.d. 51-52. This date is one of the firmly established dates in Acts. Lucius Junius Gallio was the son of the rhetorician Seneca and the brother of Seneca the philosopher. The date of Gallio’s rule is established from an inscription (W. Dittenberger, ed., Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecarum 2.3 no. 8). Thus the event mentioned here is probably to be dated July-October a.d. 51.

[18:12]  ¹⁵ sn The proconsul was the Roman official who ruled over a province traditionally under the control of the Roman senate.

[18:12]  ¹⁶ sn Achaia was a Roman province created in 146 b.c. that included the most important parts of Greece (Attica, Boeotia, and the Peloponnesus).

[18:12]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “with one accord.”

[18:12]  ¹⁸ tn Although BDAG 175 s.v. βῆμα 3 gives the meaning “tribunal” for this verse and a number of modern translations use similar terms (“court,” NIV; “tribunal,” NRSV), there is no need for an alternative translation here since the bema was a standard feature in Greco-Roman cities of the time.

[18:12]  sn The judgment seat (βῆμα, bhma) was a raised platform mounted by steps and sometimes furnished with a seat, used by officials in addressing an assembly or making pronouncements, often on judicial matters. The judgment seat was a familiar item in Greco-Roman culture, often located in the agora, the public square or marketplace in the center of a city. So this was a very public event.

[19:35]  ¹⁹ tn Or “clerk.” The “scribe” (γραμματεύς, grammateu") was the keeper of the city’s records.

[19:35]  ²⁰ tn This is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo").

[19:35]  ²¹ tn See BDAG 670 s.v. νεωκόρος. The city is described as the “warden” or “guardian” of the goddess and her temple.

[19:35]  ²² sn Artemis was a Greek goddess worshiped particularly in Asia Minor, whose temple, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, was located just outside the city of Ephesus.

[19:35]  ²³ tn Or “from the sky” (the same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky”).

[19:35]  sn The expression fell from heaven adds a note of apologetic about the heavenly origin of the goddess. The city’s identity and well-being was wrapped up with this connection, in their view. Many interpreters view her image that fell from heaven as a stone meteorite regarded as a sacred object.

[19:38]  ²⁴ tn BDAG 600 s.v. λόγος 1.a.ε has “ἔχειν πρός τινα λόγον have a complaint against someone…19:38.”

[19:38]  ²⁵ tn L&N 56.1 has ‘if Demetrius and his workers have an accusation against someone, the courts are open’ Ac 19:38.”

[19:38]  ²⁶ tn The word “there” is not in the Greek text but is implied. The official’s request is that the legal system be respected.

[23:24]  ²⁷ tn Grk “provide mounts to put Paul on.”

[23:24]  sn Mounts for Paul to ride. The fact they were riding horses indicates they wanted everyone to move as quickly as possible.

[23:24]  ²⁸ sn Felix the governor was Antonius Felix, a freedman of Antonia, mother of the Emperor Claudius. He was the brother of Pallas and became procurator of Palestine in a.d. 52/53. His administration was notorious for its corruption, cynicism, and cruelty. According to the historian Tacitus (History 5.9) Felix “reveled in cruelty and lust, and wielded the power of a king with the mind of a slave.”

[23:24]  ²⁹ tn Grk “Felix the procurator.” The official Roman title has been translated as “governor” (BDAG 433 s.v. ἡγεμών 2).

[23:26]  ³⁰ tn Grk “Procurator.” The official Roman title has been translated as “governor” (BDAG 433 s.v. ἡγεμών 2).

[23:26]  ³¹ sn Governor Felix. See the note on Felix in v. 24.

[23:33]  ³² tn Grk “who, coming to Caesarea.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek construction, a new sentence was begun here in the translation. The relative pronoun (“who”) has been replaced with the referent (the horsemen) in the translation for clarity.

[23:33]  ³³ sn Caesarea was a city on the coast of Palestine south of Mount Carmel (not Caesarea Philippi). See the note on Caesarea in Acts 10:1. It was about 30 mi (50 km) from Antipatris.

[23:33]  ³⁴ tn BDAG 778 s.v. παρίστημι/παριστάνω 1.b has “present, represent – α. lit. τινά τινι someone to someone παρέστησαν τὸν Παῦλον αὐτῷ Ac 23:33.”

[23:34]  ³⁵ tn Grk “he”; the referent (the governor) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[23:34]  ³⁶ tn Grk “having read.” The participle ἀναγνούς (anagnou") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[23:34]  ³⁷ tn The words “the letter” are not in the Greek text but are implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek, but must be supplied for the modern English reader.

[23:34]  ³⁸ tn Grk “and asking.” The participle ἐπερωτήσας (eperwthsa") has been translated as a finite verb and καί (kai) left untranslated due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[23:34]  ³⁹ sn Governor Felix asked what province he was from to determine whether he had legal jurisdiction over Paul. He could have sent him to his home province for trial, but decided to hear the case himself.

[23:34]  ⁴⁰ tn Grk “and learning.” The participle πυθόμενος (puqomeno") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[23:34]  ⁴¹ sn Cilicia was a province in northeastern Asia Minor.

[23:35]  ⁴² tn Or “I will hear your case.” BDAG 231 s.v. διακούω has “as legal t.t. give someone an opportunity to be heard in court, give someone (τινός) a hearing Ac 23:35”; L&N 56.13 has “to give a judicial hearing in a legal matter – ‘to hear a case, to provide a legal hearing, to hear a case in court.’”

[23:35]  ⁴³ tn Grk “ordering.” The participle κελεύσας (keleusas) has been translated as a finite verb and a new sentence begun here due to the length and complexity of the Greek sentence. “Then” has also been supplied to indicate the logical and temporal sequence.

[23:35]  ⁴⁴ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[23:35]  ⁴⁵ sn Herod’s palace (Grk “Herod’s praetorium”) was the palace built in Caesarea by Herod the Great. See Josephus, Ant. 15.9.6 (15.331). These events belong to the period of a.d. 56-57.

[24:1]  ⁴⁶ sn Ananias was in office from a.d. 47-59.

[24:1]  ⁴⁷ tn The term refers to a professional advocate (BDAG 905 s.v. ῥήτωρ).

[24:1]  ⁴⁸ tn Grk “an attorney, a certain Tertullus.”

[24:1]  ⁴⁹ tn Grk “who” (plural). Because in English the relative pronoun “who” could be understood to refer only to the attorney Tertullus and not to the entire group, it has been replaced with the third person plural pronoun “they.” “And” has been supplied to provide the connection to the preceding clause.

[24:1]  ⁵⁰ tn BDAG 326 s.v. ἐμφανίζω 3 has “ἐ. τινὶ κατά τινος bring formal charges against someone…Ac 24:1; 25:2.”

[24:10]  ⁵¹ tn Grk “knowing.” The participle ἐπιστάμενος (epistamenos) has been translated as a causal adverbial participle.

[24:10]  ⁵² sn “Because…defense.” Paul also paid an indirect compliment to the governor, implying that he would be fair in his judgment.

[24:23]  ⁵³ sn See the note on the word centurion in 10:1.

[24:23]  ⁵⁴ tn Grk “that he was to be guarded.” The passive construction (τηρεῖσθαι, threisqai) has been converted to an active one in parallel with the following clauses, and the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[24:23]  ⁵⁵ tn BDAG 77 s.v. ἄνεσις 1 states, “lit. relaxation of custodial control, some liberty, ἀ. ἔχειν have some freedom Ac 24:23.”

[24:23]  ⁵⁶ tn Grk “any of his own” (this could also refer to relatives).

[24:23]  ⁵⁷ tn Grk “from serving him.”

[25:3]  ⁵⁸ tn Grk “Requesting a favor against him”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation, the understood direct object of “requesting” has been supplied, and the phrase “to do them” supplied for clarity.

[25:3]  ⁵⁹ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Festus) has been specified in the translation for clarity. The words “they urged him” are in v. 2 in the Greek text.

[25:3]  ⁶⁰ sn Planning an ambush. The Jewish leadership had not forgotten the original plan of several years ago (see 23:16). They did not trust the Roman legal process, but preferred to take matters into their own hands.

[25:12]  ⁶¹ tn That is, with his advisers.

[25:12]  ⁶² sn See the note on Porcius Festus in 24:27.

[25:12]  ⁶³ tn Or “to the emperor” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).

[25:12]  ⁶⁴ tn Or “to the emperor.”

[25:12]  ⁶⁵ sn “To Caesar you will go!” In all probability Festus was pleased to send Paul on to Rome and get this political problem out of his court.